Sand-blast machine.



No. 636,460. Patented Nov. 7, I899.

G. 8. SLDCUM. SAND BLAST MACHINE.

(Application filed Apr. 15, 1898.)

3 Sheets-Shut I.

(No Model.)

No. 636,460. Patented u 7 I89 G. s. sLocum. SAND BLAST MACHINE.

(Applicatin filed Apr. 15, 1898.]

3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

(No Model.)

I H ,Q 2 h 6 1 6 Wdneddm No- 636,460. Patented Nov. 7, I899. G.$.SLOCUM. I

SAND BLAST MACHINE.

(Application filed Apr. 15, 1898.) (No Iodel.) 3 sheets-Sheet 3.

AT'ENT OFFICE.

GEORGE S. SLOGUM, OF NEWPORT, RHODE ISLAND.

SAND-=BLAST MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 636,460, dated November7, 1899.

. Application filed April 15, 1898.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GEORGE Scorr SLooUM,

a citizen of the United States of America, re-

new and useful features relates to sand-blast machines in general, it asa Whole combines to form a machine especially adapted-for sand-blastingarabesques, labels, &.c., upon bottles, tumblers, and similarquasi-cylindriuaiworh thesand beingcarriedby ablastof air or equivalentmobile vehicle and the work preferably housed.

The chief object of my invention is to produce between the thing to beblasted and the point of issue or nozzle a carrying-jet of air orequivalen t m obile vehicle, wherein throu ghout any plane passed squareacross saidjets working-plane the volume and velocity of said jet shallbe substantially-constant or, if variable, the extent of such variationto be designate and controllable.

Also itis a part of my chief object to effect the above independent ofthe form of the conduit which connects the source of blastnamely,'blower,&c.with the parts by which I control and form the jet. j I

Further objects of my said invention are to. regulate the form,difiusion, &c., of the carrying-jet; to contrive that the particles ofsand may be caught up and fedto the jet by means of an induced currentor currents and, when so fed, substantially to follow in velocity,diifusion, and form the like characteristics which my invention, asabove mentioned, gives to the vehicle that carries them to and impingesthem upon the work; to provide improved opportunity for inserting,removing, and replacing the work, and in these acts instead ofinterposing a shield to a continuing current of sand, as heretofore hasbeen the case, to temporarily suspend the activity of both jet and sand,and to the latter end to divert the blast from its otherwise prescribedcourse before it has pursued the same to the point when it becomescharged with sand,

Serial No. 677,663. (No model.)

and by afiording the blast it by-pass and escape to remove both blastand sand from the machines field of action, and also to contrive to doso without either stopping the blower, &c., shutting 0d the conduit, orunduly checksour'ce of blast, blower, &c.; also, such further objects,including cheapness of construction, rapidity of action, adj ustabilityof parts, and accuracy of control, as will be apparent from thisspecification as a whole.

In practice I accomplish the above objects by certain new and usefulcombinations of mechanism segregated in the concluding claims andillustrated in their preferred union by a machine which, reference nowbe- :inghadto' above-mentioned drawings, I- proceed to describe.

Figure 1 is a front elevation of the machine, parts thereof, hereinafterdesignated, being quarter-sectioned. Fig. 2 is a plan view of the sameupon a somewhat-reduced scale. Fig. 3 is a plan View of a portion of themachine, the scale corresponding'to that of Fig. 2. Fig. 2 is asectional side elevation of a portion of the machine. In Fig. 2 thestaggered broken line :0 x denotes the plane of section. In thefollowing figures the scale is merely approximate, but in all casesconsiderably enlarged over that in Figs. 1 to 3. Fig. 4: is an isometricview of a portion of the machine. Fig. 5 is a plan view of the portionshown in Fig. 4. Fig, 6 is an isometric view of another portion of themachine. Fig. 7 is a plan view of still another part, the angular brokenline denoting of section in the nextfollowing figure, viz: Fig. 8 is afront elevation, partially in -section, of the part shown in Fig. 7.Fig. 9 is asectional plan view of so much of the part shown in Fig. 8 asis below the broken line 3 y. Fig. 10 is diagrammatic, but also showsparts shown in Figs. 4, .5, and 6 and 7,8, and 9, respectively, whenassembled. Fig. 11 is a sectioned side elevation of still furtherportions of the machine. Fig. 12 is a plan View of part of the structureshown in Fig. 11. Figs. 13, 14, 15, and 16 are respectively an isomettomplan view of a modification of the nozzle part illustrated in thepreceding figures. Figs. 17, 18, 19, and 20 are respectively a sectioneding or raising the pressure in either conduit or ric view, top plan,front elevation, and bet in central cross-section a side elevation ofthe front elevation, a plan view, and plan sections on the broken linesa 00 and 00 00 of Fig. 17. Fig. 21 is a plan view of a further preferredmodification of the nozzle part indicated in Figs. 1 to 10 above.

Referring to Figs. 1-, 2, 3, and 2, the machine thercin illustratedstands upon four legs L, screwed fast to a bowl-shaped table T and tiedtogether near their feet by a band or tie-rod 7'. Table T (which is ofcast-iron) has aflanged pim t, to'which there is united by screwsth'ecorresponding flange k of a hollow dome-like cast-iron cover K. In thefront of this cover K there is a large opening 0, along the upper edgeof which is hinged a lid 70, whose margin f, being formed to overlap theouter margin of said opening 0, is provided with packing-strips f 2 andcloses thereon with asubstantiallydust-tight joint. Thereis also nearthe summit of the cover-dome K an upwardly-flanged chimney eye-hole ordust-escape opening 0. Integral lateral bossesjj, bored out in commonalinement, project both within and without the walls of said cover andafford on either side long bearings for the shafts of thebottle-chucking, bottle-turning, and stencil-holding parts of theapparatus. (Designated in Fig. 1 by J, J, and 2', respectively.) Theworkin this case bottle I--is chucked between the hollow cone providedinner chuck ends a c of shafts J J; but as these or similar parts areold "and well understood in the art they need no further explanation ordetail than above given, together with their figures,in order to connectthem intelligibly with mynovel combinations hereinafter set forth.

Turning to the bottom tof the bowl-shaped table T, Figs. 1 and 3, itwill be seen upon both in and out side to be flattened in plan into apreferably diamond shape. Along the center line of this flat and lyingvertically under a line connecting the axes of the workholding shafts JJ, I form a mortise, slit, or port A. To the bottom or outside of theflat or diamond t I fix, as by screws to its flanges 17 (see Figs. 1, 7,and 8,) a hollow box or shell B and, coupled to it, a preferably movablevalve-chamber C, with their certain associate parts. Within the bowl andupon the top of flat t I fix, as by screws, a jet-former or nozzle partZ Z and also a combined jet-chimney and sand weir D, together with theirassociate parts, as hereinafter detailed; but for the moment passingfrom the parts near the bowl T to the standards of the machine L it willbe seen, Figs. 1 and 3, that to the tie-rod 1' I pivotally connect,through gudgeon-block 1b, a treadle P, and between rod 1' and treadle P,I link a treadle-raising spring Q, and also that rigid link or pitman P,through knuckle conduit connection or nipple N protrudes. The upper andlower ends 12 n, respectively, of the chamber 0 (see Fig. 11) arepreferably flattened, and in the lower end n there is a concentricscrew-threaded opening 5 and screwed therein a concentric elongatedscrewplug E. This plug has an axial hole e In this hole the valve-stem Saforesaid is jointed and guided to slide en'dwise, and also from it thesaid stem projects both above and below. Surrounding this central hole ethe plug E is pierced with other holes e e e, (see also Fig. 12,) whichholes, subject to the control of the valve next to be described, formoutlets to the blast. Around these openings 2 in the plug E andconcentric to and squared with the axis of the hole 6 is a preferablyraised annular valve seat v. Directly opposite thereto and in line withthe valve-stem hole 6 I form in the valve-chamber 0 anotherscrew-threaded aperture. This aperture has screwed into it the tubularunion or nipple N, which projects from the bottom and communicates withthe hollow inside of the box or shell B aforesaid. The muzzle of thisnipple N being trued and appropriately formed is screwed down theaperture 77. until it projects within the Walls of chamber 0 and thereforms, as shown in Fig. 11, an opposite counterpart r to the valveseat 1) aforesaid. Between these seats 1: o and fixed upon the inner orchamber-projecting end of the stem S are preferably leather-faced potlidvalves V V. These valves, being kept to place by the spool o andcap-screw 0 Fig. 11, register with the seats 12 -v and have theiroutside acting faces spaced at a less distance than intervenes betweenthe said seats, and this relative proportion in distances is alwaysmaintained, although the distance between the valve-seats v o isvariable, a matter, however, which,save for the mention of it, is betterpostponed to a later part of this description. By making fullup-and-down strokes with the valve-carrying stem S the by-pass holes 6 eand nipple N are alternately open and shut, through chamber 0, to thecavity of conduitnipple N.

Above the chamber 0, I extend the threading on the body of the nipple Nfor more than a distance suiiicient to screw upon it a faced lock-nut U,Figs. 1 and 11. By this means I provide that chamber 0 may, withunimportant variations in the distance be-v tween valve-seats '1; 'v, beswiveled about the nipple N and brought to and locked in any desiredangular position with reference to the machines aspect-a matter whichoften enlarges the machines possible range of positions in a plant orsimplifies the piping of its conduit, especially so should more than onesuch machine be served from a common source of blast, (single blower,reservoir, &c.)

Above the chamber 0 and connected therewith by the cavity of the nippleN, I 10- cate the shell B aforesaid. This shell contains twocommunicating compartments, viz:

- first a forebay or diffusion-chamber b, sepshown in Figs..1 and 10,being located below the flat t, communicates by a corresponding port 12with the table-port A aforesaid.

The nozzle consists of a fixed part Z and an adjusting part Z. It islocated in the maw or belly of the bowl T upon the flat 6, and, beingsimilarly alined, also communicates its hollow interior a with the portA. The nozzle is preferably fixed to the fiat t by screws to, Fig. 1,which, passing through holes w in the foot-flange z of the nozzle partZ, pierce the-table T and screw into the topdianges b of shell Baforesaid, thus securing together the three parts with which theyengage. The adjustable nozzle part Z 1s 1n cross-section (see Fig. 10)very like the cross-section of a railway-rails fish-bar and is attachedto the fixed part L as follows: The shanks of broad-headedholddown-screws H H pass freely through slots ,h h, Fig. 5, formedcrosswise through the foot-flange of Z, and. screw into the underlyingfoot-flange 2 of the fixed part Z, (see Fig. 10,) by which the fixednozzle part Z at any desired adj ust-' 3O tion than is the middle ofsuch a jet, espe-' means'the nozzle part Z may be clamped to ment withinthe range of said slots and bolts. Setscrews H, screwed through lugs h",formed integral with and rising out of the foot-flange z, bear theirpoints onto the back body of said adjustable part Z and combine v35 withindia rubber packing-dams R R to control such adjustments, for thesedams, being nipped between wing-like and inwardlyprojecting ends .2 2 ofthe nozzle part-s Z Z,-

. serve the double dutyof completing the boxlike structure ofthe nozzleas well as of assisting, by their naturally resilient nature, theopening movement thereof should the set-screws H be slackened. Theinterior a of the nozzle formed by the parts Z Z will be seen, uponinspection of its cross-section,

Fig. 10, to consist of a tapering or wedgevlike cavity a, merging nearthe lips m into a narrow prismatic opening or slit X. The

lips m serve to establish as well as, under give a trifle, but anestablished or predetermined trifle, less intensity to the center. ofthe jet X than it otherwise would have and so, substantially, cause itto be uniform in action with the margins thereof, for margins ofsheet-jets experience has taught me to be, as a rule, less active orintense in accially when issuing from a crevice in the form of a narrowright parallelepiped, such as is the crevice X in Figs. 4, 5, and 10.

The screws 10, Fig. 1, which pass through the holes in the nozzle,table-fiat if, and flange of shell B, and also by passing through holesd in the foot-flanges of brackets D, serve to secure about thenozzle-opening X a combined chimney and sand weir D. This chimney-weir,Figs. 1, 6, and 10, consists, first, of two grooved brackets D, formingends, (the grooves d thereof face each other,) are parallel andvertically disposed, and, second, of

movable quadrangular side plates 61 adj ustably clamped by set-screws dScrew-tipped and shouldered tie-rods d serve to clamp and brace theotherwise free-standin g upper parts of said brackets. The movable sideplates (1 of the chimney thus formed about the nozzle preferably havetheir lower edges chamfered and adjusted, (by means of the bracketset-screws (1 so as to leave narrow slits or crevices between them andthe underlying ridge of the nozzle parts Z Z. They also parallel andadjoin the jet-crevice X. Such crevices are indicated in Fig. 10 by thecurved arrows which pass through them. In the case of the modificationof the nozzle, Figs. 17 to 20, the chimney is presumed to be ofcylindrical instead of rectangular box-like form; but such change beingself-evident and within the skill of any mechanic who reads this is notillustrated nor further to be described.

Now passing from the detail of the parts to a description ofthe actionof the machine it willbe apparent from the foregoing that when a conduitis connected to the nipple N and a suitable blast such, say, as of dryair under a pressure of two to fifty pounds to the square inch-is turnedon should the treadle P be depressed, as shown in Fig. 1, the spring Qwill be stretched and allow pitman P to fall until the valve V seatsupon the valve-seat 12. At the same time the valve V having moved downleaves its seat '0 and the nipple N is opened, and the blast of airunder pressure then fills the chamber 0 and through N passes to theforebay b. Dashing upon it it difiuses and fills this forebay, andthence mountingthrough the crevices b. b fills the reservoirchamber Bandflcmugh the ports 12 A, enters the cavity a of the nozzle Z Z, andfinally escapes in a sheet-like jet from the crevice X. Passing up thebox-like chimney D (whose sides (1 it will be remembered, do not comecompletely down to meet the outer walls of the nozzle parts Z Z) theissuing jet excites on either side an induced draft, which draft, asindicated by aforesaid curved arrows, Fig. 10, comes into thebase of thechimney (which is otherwise substantially tightly jointed) by thecrevices under the sides (1 and in sweeping inward toward thechimney-crevices over the maw or belly of the tabfie T picks up andcarries with it sufficient par &c. as said tables belly may be chargedwith and feeds them to the jet, which jet then becomes theircarrying-vehicle, and at last imicles of such sand,

IIO

4 eseAeo pinges them upon the stencil i in such man ner as to search outits openings and define their pattern upon the work or bottle I. .Ifleveled off, the charge of sand or equivalent material should besufficient to fill the tablebowl part way up the combined chimney andsand-weir D. Gravity alone, however, is not, as I prefer to contrive andadjust the ma chine, the active agent in carrying the sand from the bowlunder the chimney-crevices, but the induced draft is the agent. In theround of action, after impinging upon the at the best working level.

work, glancing from the same or from the dome-like covers Walls, gravityassists in effecting the return to the bowls inaw of the sand. I find inpractice with a machine such as herein illustratively described the massof sand forms in a ring-like ridge or annulus outlying the nozzle, andunder its natural subsidence, coupled with the influence and withdrawalby the induced draft of the chimney-crevices, has within said ring acraterlike central plateau. Such contour I have indicated in Fig. 10 bydot-and-dash line W. As the sand carried by such a sheet-like jetapproximates it in form, velocity, &c., and therefore acts in a narrowor substantially linear area, it is essential, should the stencilspattern extend over a broader area, to pass said stencil, with the workwhich it covers, across said jets line of action, and to do so Suchpassage, with quasicylindrical work, like the bottle I of Figs. 1 and10, is best done by a rotary movement. For this purpose I haveincorporated in the illustrated machine the chucks c c, fixed to theshafts J J.. Said latter shaft being circular in section, but collaredfrom sliding endwise and provided on its protruding end with acrank-handle j, permits such rotation of the bottle. The shaft J,carrying fixed to it the chuck 0 under the influence of a girdling andinwardly-thrusting spring q, presses the bottle I against thedriver-chuck c and presents the bottle in the proper axis. At the sametime shaft J, being free to rotate in bossj, reduces friction to aminimum and does not prevent said shafts retraction by means of knob 9'when unchucking of bottle I is desired.

The lid k of the cover K is shown open in Fig 1, the spring Q stretched,the treadle P depressed, and the nozzle-leading valve V consequentlyopen; but as the nozzle N is in said view shown disconnected there ispresumably no blast on,and consequently no sand promiscuously flying.Therefore there is no objection to showing such a view, which forobvious reasons has facilitated the above description. It may, however,be proper to here state that the dust-eyehole 0 should preferably bcpiped (whence the upstanding flange shown around it) and also that whenconduit is connected and the blast on the lid 7; should be closed. Afterinserting a piece of work, closing the lid 7.; is, in fact, anindispcnsable prelude to pressing on the treadle P, switching the blastto chamber 0 and its consequent blast jet, induced draft, sandfeed,sanddistribution,&c. ,all of which should now be so clear as not to needfurther description.

To remove the work, the operator takes his foot off of the treadle P andthe self-acting recoil of the spring Q causes the rise of pitman P,reverses the valves V V, and switches the blast to the by-pass holes 6e. lhen, raising the lid and grasping the bottle I, the operator, by theknob 9' pulls endwise the shaft J, and taking out and setting down thebottle replaces it with another, then, closing the lid 70, depresses thetreadle P and repeats the sand-blasting act, and so on. During theseacts the operatorhas every facility. For example, while the lid 7; isopen, both blast and sand cease their activity within the maw of thetable T, and it-all being simple the operator soon acquires a mostdesirable rapidity of action.

A striking advantage of my invention is to be found in the fact that(especially in the case of the machine by which I have illustrated it) alarge number of the parts composing it, and they the larger ones, can bemade of cast-iron-viz. the table T, lidk, shell B, chamber 0, nozzlepart Z Z, chimney-weir D, legs L and treadle Palso that the smallpartssuch as valve-stem S,shafts J J screws, and preferably the machinedmeeting faces of the several adjoining partscan all be cheaply,accurately, and rapidly produced by the lathe or drill, machines ofcontinuous action.

The construction of the nozzle modifications, Figs. 13 to 20, is asfollows: In Figs. 13 to 16 the fixed part Z has on its table-adjoiningside a curved opening, a of Fig. 16. Upon its top a transversely-slidingpart Z is attached and adjusted by hold-down and set screwscorresponding to screws H H, &c., de-

scrihedin connection with parts Z Z. Ridges on these parts Z Z have adouble curvature-viz., in plan, (see Fig. 14,) in front elevation, Fig.15-and form between them a curved jet-crevice X In Figs. 17 to 20 thefixe nozzle part has a central hollow cylindrical projection Z, theupper inner wall of which is chambered, and in said chamber supports awinged or spoke-shored vertical nut 521, also a tubularliner Z whichliner being held to place, as by a set-screw piercing Z holds the endsof the nut-wings from rising. The inner edge .2 of the liner ischamfered orfiarcs, and adjoining that part lies the disklike head Z ofa screw .223, which forms the adjustably-movable and in this caseselflocking'nozzlc part, which part working in the nut .2 aforesaidforms between the disk Z and the chamfered edge Z an annular jetcreviccX The wings or spokes of the nut .2 being shouldered, also act asdistancepieces to hold in place a cavity-filling cylinder (1, whichcylinder, being of smaller diameter, leaves between its outer surfaceand cameo '5 the interior of the fixed nozzle part Z 9 a cylindricalblast-passage a, which latter passage, like the opening (1 Fig. 16, isto be presumably fed by proper and correspondingly annular shapedmodifications of the table fiat and reservoir-shell openings A brespectively. Of the action of these modifications, Figs. 13 to 20, itis only necessary to say that they both form thin or sheet-like jets. Inthe sort Figs. 13 to 16 the jet-forming crevice X is curved both inplanand profile and is adapted for special wens" In thesortFigs. 17 to 20the jet-forming crevice X is continuous and annular and the jet formedby it tubular, the thickness, &c., of the walls thereof'beingcontrollable by the up and down adjustments of the-adjustably-movablepart Z in combination with the bell-nozzle e of the liner part Z Havingnow described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure byLetters Patent, is

1. The combination with a blast-conduit of a nozzle having a slot orelongated crevice, said crevice being of reduced central section wherebya jet of sheet-like form and substantially uniform sand-carrying poweris produced substantially as and for the purposes hereinbeforedescribed.

2. Thecombination witha blast-conduit and a sand-feed, anintermediately-located nozzle, said nozzle having a fixed and a mov-.able part, and mechanism for adjusting and clamping said'parts so as toform between them a narrow slot or crevice whereby a jet of variablethickness but substantially sheetlike form-is produceable, substantiallyas described.

3. The combination with a blastconduit of a nozzle and a chimney, saidchimney adjoining thereto, and having crevices through which,upon theissuing of ajet from said nozzle, drafts are induced, substantially asand for the purposes'hereinbefore described.

4. The combination with a blast-conduit of a nozzle and a'chimney, saidchimney adjoining thereto, and having an adjustably-movable side orsides, or their equivalent, form-' in g openings or crevices throughwhich, upon the issuing of a jet from said nozzle, drafts are induced,substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore described.

5. The combination of a blast-conduit a nozzle adapted to ,form a jet, aforebay, a bafileplate, and a reservoir-chamber, substantially as andfor the purposes hereinbefore described.

6. The combination of a blast-conduit a nozvalve being adapted tothrottle or open at will said conduit substantially as and for thepurposes hereinbefore described.

S. The combination of a blast-conduit a nozzle adapted to form a jet, ofa by-pass, a passage and valves adapted to open and close passages tosaidnozzle, and to said by-pass in their communication to said conduitsubstantially as acid for the purposes hereinbefore idescribedf 9. I Thecombilnation of a blast-conduit connection and a nozzle adapted to forma jet, with a passage-leading to said nozzle, a bypass, and valvesadapted to open and close communication of said conduit connection withsaid passage and by-pass respectively, substantially as and for thepurposes hereinbefore described.

10. The combination of a blast-conduit, a nozzle adapted to form a jet,a passage intermediate to said conduit and nozzle, a by-pass, and valvesVV adapted to move in interdependence, and by a common movement, to openand close alternately said passage to and said by-pass from said nozzle,substantially as and for the purposes described.

11. The combination of a blast-conduit connection and a nozzle, adaptedto form a jet, with a nozzle-communicatiu g passage, a swivelingvalve-chamber, means. for locking the latter, the nut U and threadednipple N, a valve or valves, and a valve-stem, located in the axis ofsaid chambers swiveling and operative,whatever the adjustment of saidswiveling chamber, to move said valve or valves, substantially as andfor the purposes hereinbefore described. 1

12. The combination of a blast-conduit connection and a nozzle adaptedto form a jet with a valve-chamber having a passage communicating withsaid conduit connection, and nozzle, also a by-pass, holes 6, andconnected reciprocating valves V V operative to open and close alternatecommunication of said conduit connection with said. nozzle-passage andsaid by-pass respectively, substantially as and for the purposeshereinbefore described.

13. The combination of a blast-conduit connection and a nozzle, adaptedto form a jet, with a valve-chamber, said chamber having passagescommunicating with said nozzle and conduit connection, and also, aby-pass, the

holes e, valves V V, operative to open and I ZS sage and said by-pass, asand-receptacle, T,

a Work-housing, K, and a dust-tight movable lid, 70, substantially asand for the purposes hcreinbefore described.

15. The combination of a blast-00nd uit con- 5 nection N; a nozzle Z Zadapted to form a to a shell B, having a forebay, a baffle-plate,

and marginal ports communicating said fore bay with a reservoir-chamber;a table T provided with supports and a port A; a chimney having lateralcrevices adjoining said nozzle; a sand-receptacle, a housing or cover Khaving an opening; a movable dust-tight lid k fitting said opening;mechanism for supporting and moving a piece of stencil-covered workwithin range of said nozzle; and treadle P, spring Q, pitman P and stemS, for operating said valves, substantially as and for the purposeshereinbefore described.

GEORGE S. SLOCUM. \Vitnesses:

FRANCIS N. FULLERTON, W. P. SHEFFIELD, Jr.

